Credit rating is one of the issues that researchers are interested in. On the other hand, this is important for decision-makers in this area because it is a vital tool for choosing the best customers. Therefore the main purpose of this paper is to design an integrated model with Subjective and objective approaches. Advantages of the proposed model are significant in three aspects. First, it is possible to rank companies from the aspect of sectors and sizes in different industrial sectors. In other aspects, the proposed model can calculate credit scores as a comparative model and the most important advantage of the model is that it is a combination of Subjective models (the experts) and objective model (mathematical models). In this research, we used the information of 60 companies of Stock Exchange and five financial experts help for the Subjective section. Since the proposed model has two-stage, the output of the model shows that it is possible to calculate coefficients of criteria for each and for each size of the industry and it is possible to rank companies Accurately. The results showed that the use of this model can provide an accurate and fair rating. Especially the issue of industry and mining companies and agricultural companies is more evident.

This study explores the motivational components within teacher rating systems and their impact on professional growth motivation. Employing a systematic review approach, it investigates texts pertaining to teacher rating systems, motivation, and professional development literature. By examining various texts and research findings on teacher motivation, factors influencing teacher ratings based on general, specialized, and professional competencies, as well as experience, are identified. Drawing parallels with Herzberg's motivational theory, this study provides recommendations to bolster teacher motivation and job satisfaction through improvements in the rating system.

Background: We determined the levels of Subjective and observer drowsiness and facial dynamics changes. Methods: This experimental study was done in the virtual reality laboratory of Khaje-Nasir Toosi University of Tech-nology in 2015. Facial dynamics changes like changes in eyes, mouth and eyebrows were surveyed on twenty-five driv-ers in 2015byKSS (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) and ORD (Observer rating of Drowsiness). ANOVA Repeated Measure and MANOVA Repeated Measure tests were used for data analysis. Also, neural network and Viola-Jones were used to detect facial characteristics. PERCLOS (Percentage of Eye Closure), blink frequency and blink duration were inspected for eyes parameters. The size of open mouth during drowsiness was inspected for mouth parameter. During the inspection of eyebrow, the number 50 denoted eyebrow in normal position. For eyebrows above the nor-mal position, a range of 50 to 55 was specified; in addition, 45-50 was found as the specified range for eyebrows under normal position. Results: Descriptive statistics of the dynamic changes in mouth and eyes illustrated that during the driving process, the level of sleepiness increased as well as changes of eyes and mouth. However, statistical findings during car driving revealed that dynamic changes in eyebrows had clear expression with a constant trend. Similar studies on data ob-tained from KSS and ORD showed that both of these parameters simultaneously increased as well as the level of drowsiness. In addition, a significant relationship existed between facial expression and drowsiness. Conclusion: This research would be an effective and efficient tool for timely alarming and detecting the drowsiness quickly and precisely.

Introduction: Facial expression to pain is an important pain indicator; however, facial movements look unresponsive when perceiving mild pain. The present study investigates whether pain magnitude modulates the relationship between Subjective pain rating and an observer’s evaluation of facial expression.Methods: Twelve healthy volunteers were recruited to obtain 108 samples for pain rating with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Subjects underwent three different mechanical painful stimuli (monofilament forces of 100 g, 300 g, and 600 g) over three sessions and their facial expressions were videotaped throughout all sessions. Three observers independently evaluated facial expression of the subjects with a four-point categorical scale (no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, and severe pain). The correlations between Subjective pain ratings and the evaluation of facial expression were analyzed in dichotomous group which was low pain ratings (VAS<30), or high pain rating (VAS³30).Results: Subjective pain ratings was significantly correlated with the evaluation of facial expression in high pain ratings, however no correlation was found between them in mild pain ratings. In mild pain ratings, most of the subjects (78%) were rated as no pain by observers, despite the fact that subjects reported pain.Conclusion: The results suggest that the evaluation of facial expression of pain was difficult for the observer to detect pain severity when the subjects feel mild pain.

The two terms "objective" and "Subjective" nowadays mean, respectively, "external" and "mental". But these terms in their primary usage in Middle Ages (from Dunes Scotos) have had exactly the opposite of today"s meaning: "objective" has meant "mental;""" and "Subjective" has meant "external". These old (and nowadays completely strange) meanings have been current in philosophical literature, especially in Descartes and his contemporaries, e. g. Spinoza and Berkley. This paper tends to argument that the word "objective" must be taken as meaning "mental" in Descartes" philosophy (and other philosophers" up to 19th century), and not to confused with its modern meaning (i. e. "external").